Shelter and clothing; a textbook of the household arts by Kinne Helen 1861-1917

Author:Kinne, Helen, 1861-1917. [from old catalog] & Cooley, Anna M. (Anna Maria), b. 1874, joint author
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: Home economics, Textile industry and fabrics. [from old catalog]
Publisher: New York, The Macmillan company
Published: 1920-03-25T05:00:00+00:00

should be made for shrinkage. Calculate how much the tested material would shrink in a yard.

Test for fading. — Mount a piece of the cloth to be tested on a board. Cover one half of it with cardboard or heavy paper and expose to the rays of the sun for several days. Remove cardboard and notice change. Expose covered piece also in bright diffused light as under ordinary conditions of service.

Test for strength. — Place the two thumbs together and press down on the cloth held tightly in the hands. Try to break first the warp and then the woof threads in this way. Sometimes there are imperfections in the weave or one set of threads is better than the other.

The laws of our country at present offer no protection to the purchaser of materials. Woman as the principal consumer should have a knowledge of adulterations in order to protect herself and family, for the question of the honesty of fabrics is one that must be met almost daily. Many adulterations are so carefully concealed that the use of microscope and chemical tests is required to disclose them. The purchaser for the everyday household who has no such facilities can do much to protect herself by the use of simple tests such as have been described above.

EXERCISES

1. What are the differences in the microscopical appearances of wool and cotton ? Of flax and silk ?

2. What are the chemical compositions of the four leading fibers ?

3. Describe the principal characteristics and properties of wool; of cotton ; of flax ; of silk.

4. How can materials be adulterated by weighting; by methods of finishing; by combination with other fibers ?

5. Describe two chemical tests for identification of wool fibers ,* for cotton.

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